miniature

英 ['mɪnɪtʃə] 美['mɪnətʃɚ]

CET6TEM4GRE考研TOEFL中低频词扩展词汇

复数: miniatures;

miniature 缩微模型，微型画，细密画

来自意大利语miniatura,小插图，小插画，来自拉丁语miniare,涂红，来自minium,红铅。一种古罗马时期的红色涂料，类似于朱砂，在古代用于给手稿绘制插图，引申词义缩微模型，微型画等。并由该词衍生于常见前缀mini-,小的，短的。

miniature 缩微模型，微型画，细密画

miniature: miniature: [16] ‘Smallness’ is a purely secondary semantic development as far as miniature is concerned, inspired by its accidental similarity to the min- element of words like minimum and minute. It in fact comes ultimately from Latin minium ‘red lead’. Red lead was used in ancient and medieval times for making a sort of red ink with which manuscripts were decorated, and so the derived medieval Latin verb miniāre was coined for ‘illuminate a manuscript’.

Italian took this over as miniare, and derived miniatura ‘painting, illustrating’ from it. It referred particularly to the small paintings in manuscripts, and when English borrowed it as miniature it was soon broadened out to any ‘small image’. Association with minute, etc led by the early 18th century to its adjectival use for ‘small’.
miniature (n.): 1580s, "a reduced image," from Italian miniatura "manuscript illumination or small picture," from past participle of miniare "to illuminate a manuscript," from Latin miniare "to paint red," from minium "red lead," used in ancient times to make red ink, a word said to be of Iberian origin. Sense development is because pictures in medieval manuscripts were small, but no doubt there was influence as well from the similar-sounding Latin words that express smallness: minor, minimus, minutus, etc.
miniature (adj.): "small," 1714, from minature (n.). Of dog breeds, from 1889. Of golf, from 1893.

1. He activated the door with the miniature sonic transmitter.: 他用微型声波发射器开启了门。

2. His home in Bexley is tucked away in a miniature forest.: 他在贝克斯利的住宅坐落在一片小森林中。

3. If it can be done full-size, I can do it in miniature.: 如果可以做成与原物相同大小的，我就可以做成缩微的。